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3.1 GW of short turbines could be added to the San Gorgonio Pass Wind Resource Area

California, Density, H-Type, Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines, North America, Riverside County, San Gorgonio Pass Wind Resource Area, Synergy with Tall and Short Turbines, Vertical Axis Wind Turbines, Wind Farms

Publication: Wind Harvest International

Year Published: 2023

Resource

Wind Harvest analyzed the San Gorgonio Pass Wind Resource Area using publicly available location information and UL’s Windnavigator. We found that the area could add 3,136 MWs of Wind Harvester type turbines to the existing 682 MWs of propeller-type turbines currently installed. Based on the mid-level wind speeds in the zone, this level of buildout would produce 10,040 GWh of electricity per year. The existing wind farms produce 2,661 GWh of electricity per year.

3D simulation of the vertical axis wind turbines

Miscellaneous, Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

Author: Michal Petruzela, Vojtech Blazek

Publication: IEEE

Year Published: 2017

Resource

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is appropriate method to analyse aerodynamic flow in wind turbine. This is why we choose this method to compare static torque characteristics of two vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT), one with straight blade and the other one with helical blade. Analyses are realized by use of Ansys CFX software. At first, three-dimensional (3D) simulations of straight blade turbine with different meshes are carried out. To determine how much mesh parameters affect the accuracy of result and computational time. Then we perform 3D simulations of helical blade turbine and compare its results with straight blade one.

5 GW of short turbines could be added to the Solano Wind Resource Area

California, Density, H-Type, Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines, North America, Solano County, Solano Wind Resource Area, Synergy with Tall and Short Turbines, Vertical Axis Wind Turbines, Wind Farms

Publication: Wind Harvest International

Year Published: 2023

Resource

Wind Harvest analyzed the Solano Wind Resource Area using publicly available location information and UL’s Windnavigator. The report concluded that the area could add 4,989 MWs of Wind Harvester type turbines to the existing 1,021 MWs of propeller-type turbines currently installed. Based on the mid-level wind speeds in the zone, this level of buildout would produce 13,572 GWh of electricity per year. The existing wind farms produce 3,827 GWh of electricity per year.

5.7 GW of short turbines could be added to the Tehachapi Wind Resource Area

California, Density, H-Type, Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines, Kern County, North America, Synergy with Tall and Short Turbines, Tehachapi Wind Resource Area, Vertical Axis Wind Turbines, Wind Farms

Publication: Wind Harvest International

Year Published: 2023

Resource

Wind Harvest analyzed the Tehachapi wind resource area using publicly available location information and UL’s Windnavigator. We found that the area could add 5,700 MWs of Wind Harvester type turbines to the existing 3,263 MWs of propeller-type turbines currently installed in Kern County. Based on the mid-level wind speeds in the zone, this level of buildout would produce 18,364 GWh of electricity per year. The existing wind farms produce ~11,000 GWh of electricity per year.

A comparison of finite element predictions and experimental data for the forced response and the DOE 100kW vertical axis wind turbine

Engineering, Miscellaneous

Author: Erik Mollerstrom, Fredric Ottermo, Jonny Hylander, Hans Bernhoff

Publication: Sandia National Laboratories

Year Published: 1984

Resource

A specialized finite element capability has been developed to predict dynamic structural response of the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). This report is concerned with evaluating this finite element analysis technique. This achieve this, several types of experimental data taken from the DOE 100kW rotor are compared with predictions. These data include parked rotor natural frequencies, very low wind centrifugal and gravitational load response, and vibratory response from wind loads covering the rotor operational spectrum. Generally, the agreement between theory and experiment is very satisfactory. It is concluded that the analysis package is suitable for engineering design. Shortcomings observed in modeling accuracy are believed to be due primarily to inadequacies in blade aerodynamic load calculations.

A Comparison of Wake Measurements in Motor-Driven and Flow-Driven Turbine Experiments

Synergy with Tall and Short Turbines, Turbine Wake

Author: Daniel Araya, John Dabiri

Publication: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

Year Published: 2015

Resource

We present experimental data to compare and contrast the wake characteristics of a turbine whose rotation is either driven by the oncoming flow or prescribed by a motor. Velocity measurements are collected using two-dimensional particle image velocimetry in the nearwake region of a lift-based, vertical-axis turbine. The wake of this turbine is characterized by a spanwise asymmetric velocity profile which is found to be strongly dependent on the turbine tip speed ratio (TSR), while only weakly dependent on Reynolds number (Re). For a given Re, the TSR is controlled.

A Free Wake Method For Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Performance

Synergy with Tall and Short Turbines, Turbine Wake

Author: Horia Dumitrescu, Vladimir Cardos

Publication: ResearchGate

Year Published: 2014

Resource

The fatigue analysis of a wind turbine component typically uses representative samples of cyclic loads to determine lifetime loads. In this paper, several techniques currently in use are compared to one another based on fatigue life analyses. The generalized Weibull fitting technique is used to remove the artificial truncation of large-amplitude cycles that is inherent in relatively short data sets. Using data from the Sandia/DOE 34-m Test Bed, the generalized Weibull fitting technique is shown to be excellent for matching the body of the distribution of cyclic loads and for extrapolating the tail of the distribution. However, the data also illustrate that the fitting technique is not a substitute for an adequate data base.

A General Method for Fatigue Analysis of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Blades

Computer Modeling, Fatigue Life

Author: Paul Veers

Publication: Sandia National Laboratories

Year Published: 1983

Resource

The fatigue life of wind turbine blades that are exposed to the random loading environment of atmospheric winds is described with random data analysis procedures. The incident wind speed and the stresses caused by these winds are expressed in terms of probability density functions, while the fatigue life vs stress level relationship is treated deterministically. This approach uses a “damage density function” to express fatigue damage as a function of wind speed. By examining the constraints on the variables in the damage density expression, some generalizations of the wind turbine fatigue problem are obtained. The area under the damage density function is inversely related to total fatigue life. Therefore, an increase in fatigue life caused by restricted operation in certain wind regimes is readily visualized. An “on parameter”, which is the percentage of total time at each wind speed that the turbine actually operates, is introduced for this purpose. An example calculation is presented using data acquired from the DOE 100-kW turbine program.

A historical review of vertical axis wind turbines rated 100 kW and above

VAWT History, Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

Author: Erik Mollerstrom, Paul Gipe, Jos Beurskens, Fredric Ottermo

Publication: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Year Published: 2019

Resource

This paper summarizes and introduces all vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) projects where 100 kW or larger turbines have been installed. The basis for the review is both existing literature and personal correspondence with people once involved in the different developments. By citing the most relevant work for each project, the paper will also work as an information hub, making information on these projects more accessible. Since the 1970s, there have been several VAWT projects with installed turbines of significant size, either as attempts to commercialize VAWTs, or as university led research projects, or as a combination of the two. Most have involved Darrieus turbines built in North America during the 1980s. However, H-rotors, which have always been a favored concept in Europe, have seen a revival during the 2010s. The reason VAWTs have never fully challenged the success of the horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) is too broad a question to answer here. However, the reasons some VAWT projects have failed are addressed in this paper. Besides the fact that many of the prototypes had terminal failures, most of the installed medium or largescale VAWTs have to some extent had problems with metal fatigue and durability. Additionally, a lack of longterm interest from governmental or private funders, as well as the introduction of reliable HAWTs, was a recurring theme from those involved in VAWT development, regarding the reason VAWTs so far have failed to succeed.

A Low-Reynolds-Number, High-Angle-of-Attack Investigation of Wind Turbine Aerofoils

Aerodynamic, Computer Modeling

Author: S Worasinchai, G Ingram and R Dominy

Publication: J. Power and Energy

Year Published: 2011

Resource

This article describes an experimental, aerodynamic investigation of four aerofoils intended for small wind turbine applications. The aerofoils of these small machines (both horizontal and vertical axes) normally experience conditions that are quite different from large-scale machines due to smaller chord length and lower wind speed, resulting in significantly lower Reynolds numbers. They also operate with an unusually wide range of incidence angles (0° to 90° for horizontal axis and 0° to 360° for vertical axis). Four appropriate aerofoils were chosen for testing at three Reynolds numbers (65000, 90000, and 150000) through 360° incidence to cover almost all possible conditions that might be encountered by both types of turbines…

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