How to harvest plentiful low-level winds on existing wind farms

Wind farms in California and other regions of the world exist only in relatively small geographic regions.¹ Most of these resource areas have reached their physical or political²  limits in their ability to install additional propeller-type, horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs).³ Nonetheless, many have topographies that create excellent near-ground wind speeds. To profit from the energetic wind below their HAWTs, wind farm owners need cost-effective vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) that operate efficiently in high turbulence and that do so without wake⁴ from the added rotors negatively impacting their existing turbines. They also need turbines that are wildlife friendly.